July 4: the day the Dominican Republic was left without a president after the suicide of Antonio Guzmán

Every July 4th commemorates the death of the 59th president of the Dominican Republic, Silvestre Antonio Guzmán Fernández. Guzmán Fernández was one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th century, born on February 12, 1911, in La Vega. He dedicated himself to agronomy, was a businessman and politician who marked a milestone in the democratic history of the country, by heading the first government of peaceful transition through free elections, after decades of authoritarianism.

Your life:

Son of Jimena Fernández de Castro and Silvestre Guzmán Pérez, he completed his studies in his hometown. At an early age, he showed a strong sense of responsibility, taking on the management of the Curacao Trading Company in Salcedo at the age of 17, later expanding his experience to several cities in the country. In 1939, he married Renée Klang Avelino, with whom he had two children. Renée would later be recognized for her active social work as first lady and pioneer of Dominican volunteerism, being the founder of CONANI and SOS Children's Villages Dominican Republic.

He studied agriculture autodidactically in Florida and California and stood out as an agricultural entrepreneur, pioneering large-scale rice production in the northwest of the republic. In 1948, at the age of 37, he founded Productos Dominicanos C. por A., a firm that integrated several factories and was dedicated to the export of agricultural products such as coffee and cocoa. Guzmán joined the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1961, and his commitment to democracy was consolidated during the constitutional crisis of 1965. In the midst of the April Revolution, he was proposed as provisional president, an offer he rejected, although he did form part of the commission that mediated for peace and that achieved the rise of Héctor García Godoy to power. In 1974, he was nominated as a presidential candidate by the opposition coalition "Acuerdo de Santiago", but the bloc withdrew due to suspicion of electoral fraud. In 1978 he was elected president of the Dominican Republic, marking the first time an opposition party acceded to power through free elections in the country. During his administration, Guzmán promoted profound transformations in the state apparatus. His government was characterized by respect for public freedoms, the strengthening of democratic institutions, and the process of depoliticization of the Armed Forces and the National Police, which had previously been used as instruments of repression. Among his first actions was the promulgation of a political amnesty law, freeing hundreds of political prisoners and allowing the return of exiles. He also revoked restrictions on civil liberties imposed by previous governments. In economic terms, he prioritized the development of the agricultural and agro-industrial sector as a way to generate employment in rural areas. His economic policy promoted the protection of small and medium-sized industries, export incentives, and measures to increase electricity production.

His death, tragic and moving

On July 4, 1982, just 43 days before the end of his term, Antonio Guzmán decided to take his own life in the National Palace. The reason for his suicide being unknown, the whole country was moved; he was a loved and admired president. He left a political legacy laden with symbolism. He was 71 years old. Despite his tragic death, he is remembered as the president who opened the doors to Dominican democracy, promoting respect for human rights, institutionalism, and peaceful alternation in power. His administration remains a reference in the contemporary political history of the country. Today, more than four decades after his death, his figure continues to be a symbol of democratic transition, political integrity, and commitment to republican values.

Guzmán is considered the architect of Dominican democratic consecration.