Spanish
Santo Domingo.- The events of July 20th July, are marked by important historical events and international celebrations that left their mark on world history. Below are the main events of 20th July:
- International Moon Day.
- World Chess Day.
- World Lollipop Day. Also known in other countries as chupetas, chupetines, paletas, chupetes or lolly pops are sweets made with sugar, glucose syrup and colorings with spherical, flat or iconic shapes, inserted on a stick.
Saint's Day: Saints Joseph the Just, Elias and Sabino. Saint Librada.
National: July 20th Anniversaries
- 1500: Queen Isabella The Catholic decrees, through a royal decree, that all indigenous people who had been kidnapped by the conquistadors be returned to their lands of origin.
- 1814: The kings of Spain and France sign a Treaty of Peace and Friendship in Paris, through which Spain recovers the eastern part of the Island of Santo Domingo.
- 1843: Due to the increase in repression by the Haitian authorities against Dominican patriots, the independence fighter Juan Pablo Pina changes his hiding place.
- 1844: Matías Ramón Mella informs the Central Governing Board by letter that the towns and the army of the North had proclaimed Juan Pablo Duarte as President. Duarte rejects this designation.
- 1855: Doña Josefa Antonia Pérez de la Paz (Chepita Pérez), mother of the hero Juan Isidro Pérez, dies in Santo Domingo, at the age of 67.
- 1865: Monsignor Arturo Mariño departs from La Guaira, Venezuela, towards Curaçao, and arrives at the Ozama River on August 13.
- 1876: President Ulises Francisco Espaillat suspends constitutional guarantees throughout the country due to the increase in revolutionary disorders in the Cibao.
- 1886: The Moya Revolution begins in La Vega, Montecristi and Santiago, led by General Casimiro de Moya Pimentel against the government of Alejandro Woss y Gil.
- 1959: The Trujillo dictatorship declares the military actions of the June 14 expeditionaries finished.
- 1962: The Directorate of the School of Sociology is created in the UASD, under the Faculty of Philosophy and Education.
- 1965: Troops of the Inter-American Peace Force attack the sector controlled by the constitutionalists with mortars.
- 1994: The Central Electoral Board knows the PRD file and the Santiago Agreement that calls for the annulment of that year's elections.
- 2002: The Revising Assembly unsuccessfully attempts to modify Article 90 of the Constitution to reduce the second round election threshold from 50% to 45%.
- 2005: The government launches the programs “Solidaridad” and “Comer es Primero”, aimed at poor families in 13 provinces, with a monthly budget of RD$34.5 million.
- 2008: Dominican ex-gardener César Gerónimo is inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame.
- 2014: Several people are injured in a shooting in front of the PRD National House, after Guido Gómez Mazara was prevented from voting in the Thirtieth Ordinary Convention.
- 2015: The Administrative Court of Rome annuls the decision to close the Italian embassy in the Dominican Republic.
- 2015: The Dominican government requests that the UN hold Haiti responsible for the situation of its citizens and stop the negative campaign against the Dominican Republic.
International: July 20th Anniversaries
- 1534: Charles I of Spain orders the study of the possibility of uniting the Pacific and Atlantic through the Isthmus of Panama.
- 1664: Viceroy Diego de Acevedo y Zúñiga is assassinated in Peru.
- 1810: Bogotá declares the nullity of Spanish authorities, proclaiming the independence of Colombia.
- 1812: Russia and Spain sign a treaty in Velikie Luki, by which Russia recognizes the Constitution of Cádiz.
- 1822: Gregor Johann Mendel, Austrian scientist and father of modern genetics, is born.
- 1923: Pancho Villa is assassinated in Chihuahua, Mexico, in an ambush.
- 1933: The Vatican signs a concordat with Hitler's Nazi regime.
- 1944: A bomb explodes at Hitler's headquarters in East Prussia; the Nazi leader survives.
- 1956: France recognizes the independence of Tunisia.
- 1961: In the U.S., military chiefs and the CIA present Kennedy with a plan to nuclear attack the USSR in 1963.
- 1961: The Arab League admits Kuwait as a member and assigns peacekeeping troops.
- 1965: The U.S. probe “Ranger VIII” sends 7,000 images before impacting the Moon.
- 1969: Apollo XI reaches the Moon at 4:18 p.m.; Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins are part of the mission.
- 1978: Dictators Videla (Argentina) and Pinochet (Chile) meet over the Beagle Channel conflict.
- 1990: Saddam Hussein asks for Arab support against Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.
- 2005: President George W. Bush requests a confirmation process for Judge John Roberts to the Supreme Court.
- 2007: Pratibha Patil is elected as the first female president of India.
- 2008: Marches are held in Colombia and the world for the release of hostages by the FARC.
- 2012: In Aurora, Colorado, James Holmes murders 12 people and injures 59 in a movie theater.
- 2013: At least 21 soldiers die in Colombia in attacks attributed to the FARC.
- 2015: The U.S. and Cuban embassies reopen after the reconciliation process between both countries.
- 2015: The Federal Police of Brazil charges Odebrecht executives with corruption, including its president Marcelo Odebrecht.
- 2020: The FBI identifies Roy Den Hollander as the attacker of Judge Esther Salas; her son Daniel dies.
- 2020: Brazil authorizes the exhumation of Alfredo Stroessner for post-mortem paternity testing.
- 2020: Donald Trump signs a memorandum to exclude undocumented immigrants from the 2020 Census.
- 2021: Jeff Bezos describes his experience in space aboard Blue Origin.
- 2021: Martine Moise announces that her family will cover the funeral of the assassinated President Jovenel Moise.
- 2023: Embraer announces the installation of its first eVTOL electric aircraft plant in São Paulo, Brazil.
Births: July 20th Anniversaries
- 356 BC: Alexander the Great, Macedonian military leader, king between 336 and 323 BC.
- 1822: Gregor Johann Mendel, Austrian Augustinian monk, pioneer of modern genetics, was born.
- 1889: John Reith, aristocrat ("1st Baron Reith") and British-Scottish broadcaster, co-founder of the BBC.
- 1929: Mike Ilitch, American businessman, founded Little Caesars.
Deaths: July 20th Anniversaries
- 1664: Diego de Acevedo y Zúñiga, viceroy of Peru.
- 1855: Josefa Antonia Pérez de la Paz (Chepita Pérez), mother of the hero Juan Isidro Pérez.
- 1923: Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary.
- 2020: Daniel Anderl, son of Judge Esther Salas, during an armed attack on his residence.
